工作原理
電磁閥里有密閉的腔,在不同位置開有通孔,每個孔連接不同的油管,腔中間是活塞,兩面是兩塊電磁鐵,哪面的磁鐵線圈通電閥體就會被吸引到哪邊,通過控制閥體的移動來開啟或關(guān)閉不同的排油孔,而進(jìn)油孔是常開的,液壓油就會進(jìn)入不同的排油管,然后通過油的壓力來推動油缸的活塞,活塞又帶動活塞桿,活塞桿帶動機(jī)械裝置。這樣通過控制電磁鐵的電流通斷就控制了機(jī)械運(yùn)動
電磁閥從原理上分為三大類:
直動式電磁閥
原理:通電時,電磁線圈產(chǎn)生電磁力把關(guān)閉件從閥座上提起,閥門打開;斷電時,電磁力消失,彈簧把關(guān)閉件壓在閥座上,閥門關(guān)閉。
特點:在真空、負(fù)壓、零壓時能正常工作,但通徑一般不過25mm。
分步直動式電磁閥
原理:它是一種直動和先導(dǎo)式相結(jié)合的原理,當(dāng)入口與出口沒有壓差時,通電后,電磁力直接把先導(dǎo)小閥和主閥關(guān)閉件依次向上提起,閥門打開。當(dāng)入口與出口達(dá)到啟動壓差時,通電后,電磁力先導(dǎo)小閥,主閥下腔壓力上升,上腔壓力下降,從而利用壓差把主閥向上推開;斷電時,先導(dǎo)閥利用彈簧力或介質(zhì)壓力推動關(guān)閉件,向下移動,使閥門關(guān)閉。
特點:在零壓差或真空、高壓時亦能可*動作,但功率較大,要求必須水平安裝。
先導(dǎo)式電磁閥
原理:通電時,電磁力把先導(dǎo)孔打開,上腔室壓力迅速下降,在關(guān) 閉件周圍形成上下高的壓差,流體壓力推動關(guān)閉件向上移動,閥門打開;斷電時,彈簧力把先導(dǎo)孔關(guān)閉,入口壓力通過旁通孔迅速腔室在關(guān)閥件周圍形成下上高的壓差,流體壓力推動關(guān)閉件向下移動,關(guān)閉閥門。
特點:流體壓力范圍上限較高,可任意安裝(需定制)但必須滿足流體壓差條件。
2、電磁閥從閥結(jié)構(gòu)和材料上的不同與原理上的區(qū)別,分為六個分支小類:直動膜片結(jié)構(gòu)、分步直動膜片結(jié)構(gòu)、先導(dǎo)膜片結(jié)構(gòu)、直動活塞結(jié)構(gòu)、分步直動活塞結(jié)構(gòu)、先導(dǎo)活塞結(jié)構(gòu)。
3、電磁閥按照功能分類:水用電磁閥、蒸汽電磁閥、制冷電磁閥、溫電磁閥、燃?xì)怆姶砰y、消防電磁閥、氨用電磁閥、氣體電磁閥、液體電磁閥、微型電磁閥、脈沖電磁閥、液壓電磁閥 常開電磁閥、油用電磁閥、直流電磁閥、高壓電磁閥、防爆電磁閥等。
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